NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals

Metals and Non-Metals is the third chapter of Class 10 Science, and it covers essential topics that help students understand the distinction between metals and non-metals. In this chapter, students explore the physical and chemical properties of metals, how metals and non-metals react, the occurrence of metals, and the concept of corrosion. To excel in this chapter, referring to the Class 10 Metals and Non-metals NCERT Solutions is essential. 

Whether you're preparing for exams or practising problems, the Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 NCERT solutions ensure that you can confidently tackle any questions related to metals' physical and chemical properties. For thorough preparation, these solutions are a comprehensive resource for mastering the chapter and understanding the metals and non-metals Class 10 solutions provided in the NCERT textbook.

1.0Download NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Solutions Free : PDF

This article provides Metals and Non-metals class 10 solutions in line with NCERT guidelines. Practising these solutions will help students build a solid foundation in chemistry and enhance their ability to tackle related problems effectively, contributing to better performance in board exams. For a comprehensive understanding, students can download the Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals exercise solutions below, carefully crafted by ALLEN’s experts.

2.0Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Overview

Before discussing the details of the NCERT Class 10 Science chapter 3 solution, let's review the key topics and subtopics included in this chapter of the NCERT Class 10 Science book.

Topics covered in this chapter

1. Physical Properties: This section covers the characteristic features of metals and non-metals, such as hardness, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.
2. Chemical Properties of Metals: It explains how metals react with air, water, acids, and other substances, including concepts like reactivity and the formation of oxides.
3. How do Metals and Non-metals React?: This topic focuses on the interaction between metals and non-metals, highlighting the transfer of electrons and the formation of ionic bonds.
4. The Occurrence of Metals discusses the natural sources of metals, including ores, and the methods used to extract them from the Earth.
5. Corrosion: This section explains the gradual degradation of metals due to chemical reactions with the environment, especially rusting.

Metals and Non-Metals

The periodic table broadly categorises elements into metals and non-metals, each having distinct properties. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, making them essential in construction, electronics, and transportation. Non-metals are poor conductors and play vital roles in biological and chemical processes. Knowing whether an element is a metal or non-metal helps determine its uses and behavior.

Physical Properties: 

Chemical Properties:

• Reaction with Oxygen:
• Metals: Form basic oxides
  Example: 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
• Non-Metals: Form acidic or neutral oxides
  Example: C + O₂ → CO₂
• Reaction with Water:
• Metals: Produce metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
  Example: 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
• Non-Metals: Generally no reaction
• Reaction with Acids:
• Metals: Release hydrogen gas
  Example: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
• Non-Metals: No reaction
• Reaction with Bases:
• Metals: Usually no significant reaction
• Non-Metals: React to form salts and water
  Example: Cl₂ + NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H₂O

Reactivity Series (Most to Least Reactive)

This series helps predict metal reactions and extraction methods.

K, Ba, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au, Pt

Extraction of Metals

• Metals low in reactivity (like copper and silver) are extracted by heating their oxides.
• Metals of moderate reactivity (such as zinc and iron) are obtained by reducing their oxides using carbon or carbon monoxide.
• Enrichment of ores is done to eliminate impurities before extraction.
• Refining methods like electrolysis and distillation are used to purify the extracted metals.

Corrosion 

Corrosion occurs when metals react with their surroundings, leading to deterioration (e.g., iron rusting). Methods such as galvanization, painting, and using anti-corrosive alloys can prevent corrosion.

Uses:

• Metals:
  Iron (construction), Copper (wiring), Aluminum (packaging, transport).
• Non-Metals:
  Oxygen (respiration), carbon (fuel, pencils), and sulfur (fertilizers, gunpowder) are also used.

3.0Benefits of Studying Chapter 3 (Metals and Non-metals) in Class 10 Science

• Strong Foundation in Chemistry: Understanding the properties, uses, and reactions of metals and non-metals forms the basis for more advanced higher-level chemistry topics.Real-World Applications: The chapter highlights the practical applications of metals and non-metals in daily life, industries, and technology, making the subject more relatable and engaging.
• Problem-Solving Skills: Students develop analytical and problem-solving skills by learning how to balance chemical equations and solve reaction-based questions involving metals and non-metals.
• Board Exam Preparation: This chapter is crucial for board exams, as questions related to metals and non-metals are frequently asked. Mastery of this chapter helps in securing good marks.
• Understanding Environmental Impact: It provides insights into the environmental implications of using metals and non-metals, such as corrosion and the extraction of metals, promoting environmental awareness.
• Enhances Practical Knowledge: Concepts like reactivity series, corrosion prevention, and metal refining are key to understanding experiments and lab work in chemistry.Foundation for Competitive Exams: A solid grasp of this chapter benefits competitive exams like NTSE, Olympiads, and JEE, as metals and non-metals are integral topics in various exam syllabus.