Hyperconjugation is an important electronic effect in organic chemistry that involves the delocalization of electrons in sigma (σ) bonds to stabilize adjacent unsaturated systems like carbocations, alkenes, and free radicals. It is sometimes referred to as no bond resonance or the Baker-Nathan effect. Let’s understand in detail.
Hyperconjugation refers to the delocalization of electrons from a sigma bond (typically C-H or C-C), to an adjacent empty or partially filled p-orbital or π-system. This interaction provides additional stabilization to the molecule by allowing the electrons from the sigma bond to be shared over multiple atoms.
Hyperconjugation is similar to resonance, but instead of involving π-electrons, it involves σ-electrons (typically from C-H bonds).
Hyperconjugation is important in understanding the stability and properties of various organic molecules. Its effects are observed in several chemical phenomena, including the stability of alkenes, carbocations, free radicals, and bond lengths. Below are the main applications of hyperconjugation:
(Session 2025 - 26)